Introduction: Long-term clinical evaluation of dental implants and their surrounding structures is of utmost importance to acquire knowledge about reasons for implant success and failure.However, accurate and reproducible results are difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to examine bone height around endosseous implants on digital conventional radiographs (DCR) and direct digital subtraction images (DSI) prior to loading.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, bone height around 10 implants in 6 patients was assessed by 2 observers. Standardized digital radiographs were obtained just a week and 3 months postoperatively and subtracted by means of EMAGO software. Then the observers evaluated bone height on DCRs and DSIs. MINITAB software and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: Comparative evaluation of bone height indicated significantly higher values on DCR than on DSI (p value=0.002). The observers also had statistically significant variability in this assessment (p value=0.00003).Conclusion: DSI demonstrated lower values of linear measurement of bone height around endosseous implants compared with DCR. Interobserver variability should be considered when comparing values from follow-up studies.

Recent information and communication technology developments have led to digitizing society and countries. The increase in productivity and efficiency of these societies, together with digitization, has sparked the expectation that developing the digital economy in Iran will lead to human development. In this research, the digital economy index of 31 provinces of Iran was first ranked using Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ). Then, they were placed in three clusters: Very Suitable, Suitable and Very Unsuitable. In the next step, Copula’s approach was applied to investigate the role of the digital economy in human development. The results showed a correlation between the human development of Iran's provinces and the digital economy development of Iran's provinces. Based on this, the development of digital economy in the provinces of Iran can be a way for human development.

Purpose: This paper tries to qualitatively present the issues related to axes of development in digital libraries, including human force, content, services, and technology, and provide a clear viewpoint in this regard by considering all existing aspects.Methodology: In this paper, all existing resources were used. Through citation (library) method, the related literature was studied and, besides using their findings, they were referred as evidence.Findings: As this study showed, four major elements have considerable effect on design and development of digital libraries and if a digital library is intended to be established and developed, each of these axes should be carefully be examined. In addition, establishment and development of a digital library needs some prerequisites which have been mentioned in the present study and paying attention to them can save time, energy, and cost.Originality/Value: Initially a comprehensive plan of the axes of development in digital libraries has been proposed in this paper. Afterwards, through a comprehensive literature review, the individuals taking part in design, production, and use of digital libraries are provided with a clear view of the potentials and demands in this area. It also assists the related officials to make better decisions prior to taking any action. Finally, acquaintance with importance of each of these axes and the elements of digital library development enable their use when necessary.

Although there are several development processes for creating entertainment games, serious games, and gamified solutions, there is a need for a new consolidated process capable of developing different types of computer games and digital gamified solutions. This study covers the topic of computer games and gamified solutions design and development processes. First, processes of computer entertainment game production are introduced and investigated. Second, the paper describes gamification and serious game development processes. Finally, this study presents a new process called (DG)2DP to develop entertainment and serious computer games as well as digital gamified solutions. Two methods have been employed to evaluate the proposed game development method. First, the proposed process is assessed by 42 game development practitioners through an 8-factors questionnaire. Second, 16 experts that have applied the process are requested to rate the extent to which they would recommend the (DG)2DP to other game developers. The evaluation results show a 28.39% higher score for (DG)²DP than other processes. Furthermore, in comparison with other development processes, 81.25% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed to recommend the (DG)2DP to other game developers.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Systematic studies on development of digital entrepreneurship are still very limited in Iran. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of developing a model for the development of digital agricultural entrepreneurship in Iran with using a qualitative approach and utilizing the grounded theory method. A group of experts with academic and practical experience in digital entrepreneurship served as the statistical population, which was surveyed using purposeful sampling method and achieving theoretical saturation of 46 people as a sample. The validity of the findings was confirmed by member checking and the triangulation technique. Direct factors such as the need to adopt innovations and improve the sustainable agriculture index and indirect factors such as rapid exchange of information and the need for global trade were identified. Also, structural barriers and cultural-educational barriers were the main barriers. Improving economic conditions, such as the availability of infrastructure, and improving individual-social conditions, such as improving managerial competencies, were identified as the most important contextual conditions. The results of the research also categorized the most important strategies and consequences of developing agricultural digital entrepreneurship. This research attempted to localize this model in Iran by designing a digital entrepreneurship development model, focusing on the agricultural sector. Achieving agricultural digital entrepreneurship, although it is being pursued slowly in the current situation, as an inevitable phenomenon in the future of Iranian agriculture, requires attention to the drivers and control of obstacles that can only be implemented under the shadow of important legal, financial, and educational-cultural solutions.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of sport digital economy in Iran. This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 140 open codes were obtained and in five categories of causal conditions, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences of digital economy development in sports were classified. The development of access to computers and the Internet, the commercialization of sports, the growth of e-commerce and digital technologies were among the drivers of the development of the digital economy in sports. Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations and sports clubs and sports-related jobs must adapt to these changes and design their strategy for digitizing their processes, services, and activities.

Background & Aim: The majority of carious lesions are not well-defined radiolucencies. Approximately 40% demineralization is required for radiographic detection of a lesion. The actual depth of penetration of carious lesion is deeper than may be detected radiographically. However, digital subtraction images permit to detect 1-5% decrease of mineral mass per unit volume. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital subtraction radiography in the detection of dental demineralization in vitro.Methods & Materials: This study was based on observational-diagnostic method which was done on 30 extracted human teeth, categorized in two groups A and B, each having 15 members. In each of teeth, one approximal enamel demineralization lesion was induced using an acidified system (PH=4.8). Direct digital radiography were obtained under standardized condition of teeth before demineralization. After 7 days, the teeth of group B and after 42 days, group A removed from acid and new radiographs were taken. The images of the 7th and 42nd days were subtracted from the baseline radiograph (before creation of the lesion). Then teeth were histologically evaluated. Direct digital and subtraction images were interpreted by three observers to detect presence or absence of the lesion, then the diagnostic accuracy of both methods was determined.Results: After 7 days, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for incipient lesions in direct digital radiography were 0%, 80%, 40%, 0% and 44% respectively and in digital subtraction radiography were 66.7%, 86.7%, 76.7%, 83.4% and 72.3% respectively. However after 42 days the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both methods were 100%.Conclusion: Digital subtraction radiography has a fairly acceptable accuracy in detection ofthe incipient proximal lesions in comparison with DDR. For moderate proximal lesions DSR has the same accuracy as DDR.

Objective: The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the effective indicators on the development of Iranian digital libraries from the view point of the experts to provide a roadmap for the successful development of Iranian digital libraries. Methodology: This was an applied research method with descriptive approach. The research population consists of 15 Iranian digital library experts. Data collected by research made questionnaire. For data analysis, we used statistical methods like descriptive and inferential frequency, percentage, and Likert scale. Findings: Digital Library Federation (DLF) defines digital libraries as organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily available for use by a defined community or set of communities. As this defined showed, four major elements (human resources, collections, services, technology) have considerable effect on design and development of digital libraries and if a digital library is intended to be established and developed, each of these axes should be carefully examined according to research findings, Iranian digital library experts in order to develop digital library believe a number of factors in four main areas included Human resources (15 components), Collection development (12 components), Services (18 components) and Technology (19 components). All 64 components were introduced as indicator for the development of Iranian digital libraries. Conclusion: Based of the results, using of information science specialists and digital librarians with the highest score (4. 87 from 5 on the Likert scale) was the most important components. Also, using of lawyers (in the field of copyright and Digital Library contracts) has earned the lowest rank (3. 67 from 5) on the Likert scale). This research has been based on the opinions and views of the Iranian digital library experts. The capabilities and requirements of practical knowledge in this field do offer a comprehensive plan for the development of these systems. The results of this study will help all officials and administrators in the country take better decisions in theory and practice.